Hyperventilation and Cerebral Blood Flow

Author:

Raichle Marcus E.1,PLUM F.2

Affiliation:

1. The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, 510 South Kingshighway, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

2. Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical College New York, New York 10021

Abstract

Hypocapnic-hyperventilation has a profound, but probably temporary, effect on CBF, producing approximately a 2% decline in CBF for each 1 torr decline in P co co2 . This effect appears to be mediated through changes in perivascular pH of the cerebral resistance vessels acting directly on the vessel wall. At low P co co2 the vasoconstrictor effect of short-term hypocapnic-hyperventilation is attenuated by resultant cerebral hypoxia. During prolonged hyperventilation CBF returns toward normal as the pH in the CSF is restored. Short-term hypocapnic-hyperventilation can be lifesaving in the treatment of acute intracranial hypertension. On the other hand, prolonged hyperventilation has not been convincingly shown to benefit patients, whether with severe head injury or cerebral infarction, or during carotid endarterectomy without bypass.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Advanced and Specialised Nursing,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Clinical Neurology

Reference85 articles.

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4. Lessen NA Wahl M Deet|en P et a l : Regulation of cerebral arteriolar diameter by extracellular pH variation in the perivascular fluid. In Russell RWR (ed) : Brain and Blood Flow. Pitman Co Ltd London p 174-177 1971

5. The effect of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis on the blood flow through the cerebral cortex

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