Cardiovagal Function Measured by the Deep Breathing Test: Relationships With Coronary Atherosclerosis

Author:

Engström Gunnar1ORCID,Hamrefors Viktor12ORCID,Fedorowski Artur13ORCID,Persson Anders1ORCID,Johansson Maria E.4,Ostenfeld Ellen56ORCID,Goncalves Isabel13,Markstad Hanna16,Johnson Linda S. B.1ORCID,Persson Margaretha1ORCID,Carlson Jonas5ORCID,Platonov Pyotr G.5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden

2. Department of Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden

3. Department of Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden

4. Department of Physiology Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden

5. Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund Lund University Lund Sweden

6. Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden

Abstract

Background The cardiovagal function can be assessed by quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during a deep breathing test. However, population studies of RSA and coronary atherosclerosis are lacking. This population‐based study examined the relationship between RSA during deep breathing and coronary atherosclerosis, assessed by coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Methods and Results SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study) randomly invited men and women aged 50 to 64 years from the general population. CACS was obtained from computed tomography scanning, and deep breathing tests were performed in 4654 individuals. Expiration–inspiration differences (E‐Is) of heart rates were calculated, and reduced RSA was defined as E‐I in the lowest decile of the population. The relationship between reduced RSA and CACS (CACS≥100 or CACS≥300) was calculated using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression. The proportion of CACS≥100 was 24% in the lowest decile of E‐I and 12% in individuals with E‐I above the lowest decile ( P <0.001), and the proportion of CACS≥300 was 12% and 4.8%, respectively ( P <0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for CACS≥100 was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10–1.84) and the adjusted OR for CACS≥300 was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.15–2.28), when comparing the lowest E‐I decile with deciles 2 to 10. Adjusted ORs per 1 SD lower E‐I were 1.17 ( P =0.001) for CACS≥100 and 1.28 ( P =0.001) for CACS≥300. Conclusions Low RSA during deep breathing is associated with increased coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by CACS, independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovagal dysfunction could be a prevalent and modifiable risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis in the general population.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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