Differential Pacing for Distinguishing Block From Persistent Conduction Through an Ablation Line

Abstract

Background —Because complete linear conduction block is necessary to minimize the recurrence of reentrant tachycardias such as typical atrial flutter, we investigated a simple technique to recognize a persistent gap or complete linear block. Methods and Results —We prospectively evaluated cavotricuspid isthmus conduction in 50 patients (age 63±8 years, 43 men) after radiofrequency ablation. The distal and proximal bipoles of a quadripolar catheter placed close to the ablation line were successively stimulated during recording from the ablation line. We hypothesized that because the initial and terminal components of local potentials reflected activation at the ipsilateral and contralateral borders of the ablation lesion, a change to a more proximal pacing site without moving the catheter would prolong the stimulus to the initial component timing, whereas the response of the terminal component would depend on the presence of block or persistent conduction. A shortening or no change in timing of the terminal component would indicate block, whereas lengthening would indicate persistent gap conduction. The results were compared with previously described criteria for isthmus block. Ninety-two sites were assessed: 17 before and 75 after the achievement of complete isthmus block. The timing of the initial component was delayed by 19±9 ms, and the terminal component was advanced by 13±8 ms after block and delayed by 12±9 ms in case of persisting conduction. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for linear block were 100%, 75%, 94%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions —An accurate assessment of isthmus block or persistent isthmus conduction is possible with this technique of differential pacing.