Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Prevents the Electrical Remodeling That Precedes Cellular Hypertrophy After Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background— Cardiac hypertrophy underlies arrhythmias and sudden death, for which mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activity has recently been implicated. We sought to establish the sequence of ionic events that link the initiating insult and MR to hypertrophy development. Methods and Results— Using whole-cell, patch-clamp and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction techniques on right ventricular myocytes of a myocardial infarction (MI) rat model, we examined the cellular response over time. One week after MI, no sign of cellular hypertrophy was found, but action potential duration (APD) was lengthened. Both an increase in Ca 2+ current ( I Ca ) and a decrease in K + transient outward current ( I to ) underlay this effect. Consistently, the relative expression of mRNA coding for the Ca 2+ channel α1C subunit (Ca v 1.2) increased, and that of the K + channel K v 4.2 subunit decreased. Three weeks after MI, AP prolongation endured, whereas cellular hypertrophy developed. I Ca density, Ca v 1.2, and K v 4.2 mRNA levels regained control levels, but I to density remained reduced. Long-term treatment with RU28318, an MR antagonist, prevented this electrical remodeling. In a different etiologic model of abdominal aortic constriction, we confirmed that APD prolongation and modifications of ionic currents precede cellular hypertrophy. Conclusions— Electrical remodeling, which is triggered at least in part by MR activation, is an initial, early cellular response to hypertrophic insults.