Improving Adherence to a Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Protocol for Critically Ill Adults: Outcomes After an Implementation Program

Abstract

• Background Despite multiple reminders, education sessions, and multidisciplinary team involvement, adherence to an evidence-based mechanical ventilation weaning protocol had been less than 1% in a general systems intensive care unit since implementation. • Objective To assess the effectiveness of using an implementation program, the Model for Accelerating Improvement, to improve adherence and clinical outcomes after restarting a mechanical ventilation weaning protocol in an adult general systems intensive care unit. • Methods A prospective comparative design, before and after implementation of the Model for Accelerating Improvement, was used with a consecutive sample of 129 patients and 112 multidisciplinary team members. Clinical outcomes were rate of unsuccessful extubations, rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and duration of mechanical ventilation; practice outcomes were staff’s understanding of the mechanical ventilation weaning protocol, perceptions of the practice safety climate, and adherence to the weaning protocol. • Results After the intervention, the rate of unsuccessful extubations decreased, and staff’s understanding of and adherence to the weaning protocol increased significantly. The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation, and staff’s perceptions of the practice safety climate did not change significantly. • Conclusion Implementing the Model for Accelerating Improvement improved understanding of and adherence to protocol-directed weaning and reduced the rate of unsuccessful extubations.