RENEWABLE NATURAL RAW MATERIALS. STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, APPLICATION PROSPECTS

Abstract

The review considers the current ideas of a relatively new field of "green chemistry" in the field of chemical processing of renewable natural plant raw materials. For a number of processes, the ways, methods and some technological aspects of obtaining new compounds and reagent systems, biodegradable compositions and "green chemistry" products that are in demand in various sectors of the economy, industry and life support of society are shown. The article presents the results of the analysis of Russian and world reserves of forest resources according to authoritative modern sources and proposals for their conservation and restora-tion. The problems of biorefiling of plant raw materials are described, one of which is the val-orization of lignin-the aromatic component of the chemical composition of wood. It is pro-posed to obtain biodegradable systems and compositions based on the by-product of wood processing lignosulfonate of a neutral production method characterized by a high content of polysaccharides in the hemicellulose of the carbohydrate part of wood after the separation of cellulose. The ways of using modified cellulose products as inhibitors of salt deposition and gas hydrate formation, and the areas of their application in oilfield chemistry are shown. Lig-nin and other components of plant resources have long been the basis of various classes of fi-bers of natural origin, including plant and animal origin, artificial fibers. In the sector of cre-ating materials with new properties that have a wide range of practical applications, the review describes the production of PLA polylactide synthesized from lactic acid as a modern alterna-tive to many synthetic polymers obtained from refined petroleum products. For the products of the interaction of ammonium lactate and N-butyl alcohol, a kinetic model for the production of butyl lactate, an intermediate product of green chemistry, is described. The results of the study of a specific class of compounds – ionic liquids – traditionally considered as so-called "green solvents" are presented. An approach to the creation of a mathematical model by calculating the adsorption characteristics for evaluating the effectiveness of systems and composites based on biodegradable polymers in the direction of "green chemistry" is proposed.