Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in humans

Abstract

Pharmacokinetics of the investigational cephalosporin ceftriaxone were studied after 30-min intravenous infusions of three ascending single doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 g crossed over in 12 normal subjects. Serially collected plasma and urine samples were analyzed for ceftriaxone by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration-time profiles were characterized by a linear two-compartment open model with the following respective mean (+/- standard deviation) parameters at 0.5-, 1-, and 2-g dose levels: elimination half-life, 6.5 +/- 0.7, 6.2 +/- 0.8, and 5.9 +/- 0.7 h; apparent volume of distribution, 8.5 +/- 1.1, 9.0 +/- 1.1, and 10.1 +/- 1.0 liters; and plasma clearance, 929 +/- 150, 1,007 +/- 130, and 1,190 +/- 150 ml/h. The respective renal excretion parameters were as follows: renal clearance, 373 +/- 60, 399 +/- 50, and 533 +/- 128 ml/h; and percentage of dose excreted unchanged in the 48-h urine samples, 41 +/- 8, 39 +/- 5, and 43 +/- 10. The 6-h elimination half-life of ceftriaxone was 2- to 10-fold longer than those reported for marketed and other known investigational cephalosporins. The small dose-related increases in the apparent volume of distribution and clearance parameters can be explainhe 48-h urine samples, 41 +/- 8, 39 +/- 5, and 43 +/- 10. The 6-h elimination half-life of ceftriaxone was 2- to 10-fold longer than those reported for marketed and other known investigational cephalosporins. The small dose-related increases in the apparent volume of distribution and clearance parameters can be explainhe 48-h urine samples, 41 +/- 8, 39 +/- 5, and 43 +/- 10. The 6-h elimination half-life of ceftriaxone was 2- to 10-fold longer than those reported for marketed and other known investigational cephalosporins. The small dose-related increases in the apparent volume of distribution and clearance parameters can be explained by the concentration-dependent plasma protein binding of ceftriaxone in humans. The impact of the small dose-dependent changes in the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone is anticipated to be of negligible clinical significance.