Anti-Helicobacter pylori Potential of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe antimalarial drug artemisinin fromArtemisia annuademonstrated remarkably strong activity againstHelicobacter pylori, the pathogen responsible for peptic ulcer diseases. In an effort to develop a novel antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agent containing such a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, a series of analogues (2 natural and 15 semisynthetic molecules), including eight newly synthesized compounds, were investigated against clinical and standard strains ofH. pylori. The antimicrobial spectrum against 10H. pyloristrains and a few other bacterial and fungal strains indicated specificity against the ulcer causing organism. Of five promising molecules, a newly synthesized ether derivative β-artecyclopropylmether was found to be the most potent compound, which exhibited MIC range, MIC90, and minimum bactericidal concentration range values of 0.25 to 1.0 μg/ml, 1.0 μg/ml, and 1 to 16 μg/ml, respectively, against both resistant and sensitive strains ofH. pylori. The molecule demonstrated strong bactericidal kinetics with extensive morphological degeneration, retained functional efficacy at stomach acidic pH unlike clarithromycin, did not elicit drug resistance unlike metronidazole, and imparted sensitivity to resistant strains. It is not cytotoxic and exhibitsin vivopotentiality to reduce theH. pyloriburden in a chronic infection model. Thus, β-artecyclopropylmether could be a lead candidate for anti-H. pyloritherapeutics. Since the recurrence of gastroduodenal ulcers is believed to be mainly due to antibiotic resistance of the commensal organismH. pylori, development of a candidate drug from this finding is warranted.