Marrow-Derived CD40-Positive Cells Are Required for Mice To Clear Cryptosporidium parvum Infection

Abstract

ABSTRACT To clear a Cryptosporidium parvum infection, mice need CD4 + T cells, major histocompatibility complex class II, and an intact CD40-CD154 signaling pathway. CD40 is constitutively expressed on marrow-derived cells such as dendritic cells and B lymphocytes and is induced by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on most somatic cells. To determine whether the CD40 needed to clear a C. parvum infection has to be on marrow-derived mononuclear cells or on the epithelial cells that normally harbor the parasite, we transplanted CD40 −/− mice with CD40 +/− bone marrow and then infected them with C. parvum . These chimeras cleared the C. parvum infection, while CD40 +/− controls transplanted with CD40 −/− marrow cells remained infected. CD40 expression on marrow-derived cells therefore suffices for a C. parvum infection to be cleared, while CD40 expression on intestinal epithelial cells is not sufficient. There was no difference between the acquisition of CD69 and CD154 by mesenteric lymph node T cells of C. parvum -infected animals with intact or disrupted CD40-CD154 pathways. CD4 T cells entered the intestinal laminae propriae of C. parvum -infected animals whether or not the CD40 genes of these recipients were intact. These results suggest that, for a C. parvum infection to be cleared, CD40 is not necessary for T-cell activation but may instead contribute to an effector pathway of marrow-derived cells.