Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ceftriaxone in humans after single-dose intramuscular administration in water and lidocaine diluents

Abstract

The effects of 1% lidocaine as a diluent on the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ceftriaxone administered intramuscularly were investigated in 12 adult volunteers. Each subject received two 0.5-g doses of ceftriaxone (one in water and the other in 1% lidocaine) at least 1 week apart in a randomized crossover fashion. Plasma and urine samples were collected serially and assayed for ceftriaxone content by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean peak plasma concentration, time to attain the peak, area under the plasma curve from time zero to infinity, and elimination half-life were 45 micrograms/ml, 2.5 h, 578 micrograms . h/ml, and 7.1 h, respectively, after intramuscular administration of ceftriaxone in water diluent. The corresponding mean values in 1% lidocaine diluent were 42 micrograms/ml, 3 h, 577 micrograms . h/ml, and 7.0 h. The pharmacokinetic data suggested that 1% lidocaine does not alter either the elimination parameters or the bioavailability of intramuscularly administered ceftriaxone. The intensity and frequency of pain at the injection site were reduced considerably by the coadministered lidocaine.