Investigation of synthetic Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin as an immunogen for swine and cattle

Abstract

In its native form Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) is nonantigenic; however, neutralizing antibodies are elicited in animals vaccinated with toxin-carrier conjugates. To study the immunogenicity of STa, peptides STa1-18 and STa5-18 were synthesized, characterized, and conjugated to carrier proteins. Pregnant gilts and heifers were hyperimmunized with the respective conjugates. Following parturition neonates were challenged with virulent E. coli (K99+ STa+). Peptides coupled to ovalbumin and emulsified with Freund adjuvant elicited antibodies that neutralized toxin-induced fluid accumulation in suckling mice. Peptides coupled to particulate carriers, with or without muramyl dipeptide adjuvant, failed to induce a measurable response. Peak antibody levels in sera were observed following three doses of conjugate and persisted for several weeks. The serological response in cattle was superior to that observed in swine; however, antibody levels in porcine colostrum were higher than those observed in cattle. Clinical observations of neonates from vaccinated dams indicated that passively obtained antibody provided partial protection from disease, but not as complete as that demonstrable with whole cell bacterins that induce antibody to pili. However, the data suggest the potential for utility of synthetically prepared antigens.