1. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Madou Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
2. Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
3. Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
4. Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
5. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
6. Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan