Affiliation:
1. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
2. CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
3. Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic suggests that bat innate immune systems are insufficiently characterized relative to the medical importance of these animals. Retroviruses, e.g., HIV-1, can be severe pathogens when they cross species barriers, and bat restrictions corresponding to retroviruses are comparatively unstudied. Here, we compared the abilities of retroviruses from three genera (
Lentivirus
,
Gammaretrovirus
, and
Spumavirus
) to infect cells of the large fruit-eating bat
P. alecto
and other mammals. We identified a major, specific postentry restriction to primate lentiviruses. HIV-1 and SIVmac are potently blocked at early life cycle steps, but nonprimate lentiviruses and foamy retroviruses are entirely unrestricted. Despite acting postentry and in a CypA-dependent manner with features reminiscent of antiretroviral factors from other mammals, this restriction was not saturable with virus-like particles and was independent of
P. alecto
TRIM5, TRIM21, TRIM22, TRIM34, and MX2. These results identify a novel restriction and highlight cyclophilin-capsid interactions as ancient species-specific determinants of retroviral infection.
Funder
HHS | National Institutes of Health
National Research Foundation
MOE | National Science Foundation, United Arab Emirates
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Cited by
11 articles.
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