Criteria for Selection of Surrogates Used To Study the Fate and Control of Pathogens in the Environment

Author:

Sinclair Ryan G.1,Rose Joan B.2,Hashsham Syed A.3,Gerba Charles P.4,Haas Charles N.5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmental Health and Geoinformatic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA

2. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

4. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

5. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT This article defines the term surrogate as an organism, particle, or substance used to study the fate of a pathogen in a specific environment. Pathogenic organisms, nonpathogenic organisms, and innocuous particles have been used as surrogates for a variety of purposes, including studies on survival and transport as well as for method development and as “indicators” of certain conditions. This article develops a qualitative surrogate attribute prioritization process and allows investigators to select a surrogate by systematically detailing the experimental process and prioritizing attributes. The results are described through the use of case studies of various laboratories that have used this process. This article also discusses the history of surrogate and microbial indicator use and outlines the method by which surrogates can be used when conducting a quantitative microbial risk assessment. The ultimate goal of selecting a sufficiently representative surrogate is to improve public health through a health-based risk assessment framework. Under- or overestimating the resistance, inactivation, or movement may negatively impact risk assessments that, in turn, will impact health assessments and estimated safety levels. Reducing uncertainty in a risk assessment is one of the objectives of using surrogates and the ultimate motive for any experiment investigating potential exposure of a pathogen.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology

Reference86 articles.

1. The disinfection efficacy of a point-of-use water treatment system against bacterial, viral and protozoan waterborne pathogens;Abbaszadegan M;Water Res,1997

2. AshboltN GrabowW SnozziM. 2001. Indicators of microbial water quality, p 289–316. In FewtrellL BartramJ (ed), Water quality: guidelines, standards and health. IWA Publishing, London, United Kingdom.

3. Bacteriophage Transport in Sandy Soil and Fractured Tuff

4. The incidence and level of contamination of British fresh sausages and ingredients with salmonellas;Banks JG;J. Hyg. (Lond.),1983

5. BittonG. 2005. Wastewater microbiology, 3rd ed, p 23. Wiley-Liss, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3