Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

Author:

Sanchez Jose L.1,Cooper Michael J.1,Myers Christopher A.2,Cummings James F.1,Vest Kelly G.1,Russell Kevin L.1,Sanchez Joyce L.3,Hiser Michelle J.14,Gaydos Charlotte A.5

Affiliation:

1. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

2. Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA

3. Mayo Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

4. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Postgraduate Research Participation Program, U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland, USA

5. International STD, Respiratory, and Biothreat Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Abstract

SUMMARY This comprehensive review outlines the impact of military-relevant respiratory infections, with special attention to recruit training environments, influenza pandemics in 1918 to 1919 and 2009 to 2010, and peacetime operations and conflicts in the past 25 years. Outbreaks and epidemiologic investigations of viral and bacterial infections among high-risk groups are presented, including (i) experience by recruits at training centers, (ii) impact on advanced trainees in special settings, (iii) morbidity sustained by shipboard personnel at sea, and (iv) experience of deployed personnel. Utilizing a pathogen-by-pathogen approach, we examine (i) epidemiology, (ii) impact in terms of morbidity and operational readiness, (iii) clinical presentation and outbreak potential, (iv) diagnostic modalities, (v) treatment approaches, and (vi) vaccine and other control measures. We also outline military-specific initiatives in (i) surveillance, (ii) vaccine development and policy, (iii) novel influenza and coronavirus diagnostic test development and surveillance methods, (iv) influenza virus transmission and severity prediction modeling efforts, and (v) evaluation and implementation of nonvaccine, nonpharmacologic interventions.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Immunology and Microbiology,Epidemiology

Reference717 articles.

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