Cofactors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 cDNA Integration In Vitro

Author:

Gao Kui1,Gorelick Robert J.2,Johnson Donald G.2,Bushman Frederic1

Affiliation:

1. Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

2. AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702

Abstract

ABSTRACT We have investigated the function of two DNA binding proteins that stimulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cDNA integration in vitro, the cellular HMGa1 protein and the viral nucleocapsid (NC) protein. Of the three forms of NC (NCp7, NCp9, and NCp15), we find that NCp9 is the most effective at increasing integration in vitro; thus, processing of NC may potentially modulate its activities during infection. We also found that maximal stimulation by NCp9 required roughly enough NC to coat the reactant DNAs whereas less HMGa1 was required, and the reactions displayed different optima for divalent metal cofactors and order of addition. These findings reveal probable distinct mechanisms of action in vitro.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology

Reference35 articles.

1. Brin, E., and J. Leis. 2002. Changes in the mechanism of DNA integration in vitro induced by base substitutions in the HIV-1 U5 and U3 terminal sequences. J. Biol. Chem. 277 : 10938-10948.

2. Buckman, J. S., W. J. Bosche, and R. J. Gorelick. 2002. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid Zn2+ fingers are required for efficient reverse transcription, initial integration processes, and protection of newly synthesized viral DNA. J. Virol. 77 : 1469-1480.

3. Bukrinsky, M. I., N. Sharova, T. L. McDonald, T. Pushkarskaya, G. W. Tarpley, and M. Stevenson. 1993. Association of integrase, matrix, and reverse transcriptase antigens of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with viral nucleic acids following acute infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 : 6125-6129.

4. Bushman F. D. 2001. Lateral DNA transfer: mechanisms and consequences. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press New York N.Y.

5. Sequence requirements for integration of Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA in vitro

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