Urban Feral Pigeons ( Columba livia ) as a Source for Air- and Waterborne Contamination with Enterocytozoon bieneusi Spores

Author:

Graczyk Thaddeus K.12,Sunderland Deirdre1,Rule Ana M.1,da Silva Alexandre J.3,Moura Iaci N. S.34,Tamang Leena1,Girouard Autumn S.2,Schwab Kellogg J.1,Breysse Patrick N.1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Sciences

2. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

3. Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Public Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341

4. Atlanta Research and Education Foundation and Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30333

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study demonstrated that a person with 30 min of occupational or nonoccupational exposure to urban feral pigeons, such as exposure through the cleaning of surfaces contaminated with pigeon excrement, could inhale approximately 3.5 × 10 3 Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores and that 1.3 × 10 3 spores could be inhaled by a nearby person.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology

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