Epiplasts: Membrane Skeletons and Epiplastin Proteins in Euglenids, Glaucophytes, Cryptophytes, Ciliates, Dinoflagellates, and Apicomplexans

Author:

Goodenough Ursula1,Roth Robyn2,Kariyawasam Thamali3,He Amelia3,Lee Jae-Hyeok3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

2. Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

3. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract

Membrane skeletons associate with the inner surface of the plasma membrane to provide support for the fragile lipid bilayer and an elastic framework for the cell itself. Several radiations, including animals, organize such skeletons using actin/spectrin proteins, but four major radiations of eukaryotic unicellular organisms, including disease-causing parasites such as Plasmodium , have been known to construct an alternative and essential skeleton (the epiplast) using a class of proteins that we term epiplastins. We have identified epiplastins in two additional radiations and present images of their epiplasts using electron microscopy. We analyze the sequences and secondary structure of 219 epiplastins and present an in-depth overview and analysis of their known and posited roles in cellular organization and parasite infection. An understanding of epiplast assembly may suggest therapeutic approaches to combat infectious agents such as Plasmodium as well as approaches to the engineering of useful viscoelastic biofilms.

Funder

International Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability awarded to Goodenough

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council awarded to Lee

Korea Carbon Capture and Sequestration R and D Center (KCRC) awarded to Lee

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Microbiology

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