Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Involves a Multigene Stress-Biased Response, Including a Structural Role for Flagella

Author:

Hathroubi Skander1ORCID,Zerebinski Julia1,Ottemann Karen M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA

Abstract

Biofilms, communities of bacteria that are embedded in a hydrated matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, pose a substantial health risk and are key contributors to many chronic and recurrent infections. Chronicity and recalcitrant infections are also common features associated with the ulcer-causing human pathogen H. pylori . However, relatively little is known about the role of biofilms in H. pylori pathogenesis, as well as the biofilm structure itself and the genes associated with this mode of growth. In the present study, we found that H. pylori biofilm cells highly expressed genes related to cell envelope and stress response, as well as those encoding the flagellar apparatus. Flagellar filaments were seen in high abundance in the biofilm. Flagella are known to play a role in initial biofilm formation, but typically are downregulated after that state. H. pylori instead appears to have coopted these structures for nonmotility roles, including a role building a robust biofilm.

Funder

HHS | National Institutes of Health

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Microbiology

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