Dissimilatory nitrate reduction by Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Propionibacterium acnes P13 was isolated from human feces. The bacterium produced a particulate nitrate reductase and a soluble nitrite reductase when grown with nitrate or nitrite. Reduced viologen dyes were the preferred electron donors for both enzymes. Nitrous oxide reductase was never detected. Specific growth rates were increased by nitrate during growth in batch culture. Culture pH strongly influenced the products of dissimilatory nitrate reduction. Nitrate was principally converted to nitrite at alkaline pH, whereas nitrous oxide was the major product of nitrate reduction when the bacteria were grown at pH 6.0. Growth yields were increased by nitrate in electron acceptor-limited chemostats, where nitrate was reduced to nitrite, showing that dissimilatory nitrate reduction was an energetically favorable process in P. acnes. Nitrate had little effect on the amounts of fermentation products formed, but molar ratios of acetate to propionate were higher in the nitrate chemostats. Low concentrations of nitrite (ca. 0.2 mM) inhibited growth of P. acnes in batch culture. The nitrite was slowly reduced to nitrous oxide, enabling growth to occur, suggesting that denitrification functions as a detoxification mechanism.