Affiliation:
1. Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
Abstract
External stressful stimuli are known to increase the incidence of reactivation of
Alphaherpesvirinae
subfamily members. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX) stimulates bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation. Furthermore, GR and dexamethasone stimulate productive infection and promoters that drive expression of viral transcriptional regulators. These observations lead us to predict that stress-induced transcription is impaired by factors abundantly expressed during latency. Interestingly, activation of the Akt family of serine/threonine protein kinases is linked to maintenance of latency. New studies reveal that Akt1 and Ak2, but not Akt3, impaired GR- and dexamethasone-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 and HSV-1 ICP0 promoters. Strikingly, Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, stimulated neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, a requirement for neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into how Akt family members may promote the maintenance of lifelong latency.
Funder
HHS | National Institutes of Health
USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology
Cited by
13 articles.
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