Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 Are Stimulated within the Eye during Experimental Murine Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Mice with Retrovirus-Induced Immunosuppression

Author:

Chien Hsin1,Alston Christine I.12,Dix Richard D.12

Affiliation:

1. Viral Immunology Center, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

2. Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus infection frequently causes blindness in untreated HIV/AIDS patients. This virus manipulates host cells to dysregulate immune functions and drive disease. Here, we use an animal model of this disease to demonstrate that cytomegalovirus infection within eyes during retinitis causes massive upregulation of immunosuppressive host proteins called SOCS. As viral overexpression of SOCS proteins exacerbates infection with other viruses, they may also enhance cytomegalovirus infection. Alternatively, the immunosuppressive effect of SOCS proteins may be protective against immunopathology during cytomegalovirus retinitis, and in such a case SOCS mimetics or overexpression treatment strategies might be used to combat this disease. The results of this work therefore provide crucial basic knowledge that contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis and, together with future studies, may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets that could improve the treatment or management of this sight-threatening disease.

Funder

HHS | NIH | National Eye Institute

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology

Reference126 articles.

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4. Mocarski ES, Jr, Shenk T, Griffiths PD, Pass RF. 2013. Cytomegaloviruses, p 1960–2014. In Knipe DM, Howley PM, Cohen JI, Griffin DE, Lamb RA, Martin MA, Racaniello VR, Roizman B (ed), Fields virology, 6th ed, vol 2. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.

5. AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis: Lessons from the laboratory

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