Affiliation:
1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Forty-one flagellated species representing 11 bacterial phyla were used to investigate the origin of secondary flagellar systems and the structure and formation of flagellar gene operons over the course of bacterial evolution. Secondary (i.e., lateral) flagellar systems, which are harbored by five of the proteobacterial species considered, originated twice, once in the alphaproteobacterial lineage and again in the common ancestor of the
Beta
- and
Gammaproteobacteria
. The order and organization of flagellar genes have undergone extensive shuffling and rearrangement among lineages, and based on the phylogenetic distributions of flagellar gene complexes, the flagellar gene operons existed as small, usually two-gene units in the ancestor of
Bacteria
and have expanded through the recruitment of new genes and fusion of gene units. In contrast to the evolutionary trend towards larger flagellar gene complexes, operon structures have been highly disrupted through gene disassociation and rearrangements in the
Epsilon
- and
Alphaproteobacteria
. These results demonstrate that the genetic basis of this ancient and structurally conserved organelle has been subject to many lineage-specific modifications.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Molecular Biology,Microbiology
Cited by
69 articles.
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