Expression of the Pseudorabies Virus gB Glycoprotein Triggers NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Increases Binding of the Activating NK Cell Receptor PILRβ

Author:

De Pelsmaeker Steffi1,Dierick Evelien2,Klupp Barbara3,Mettenleiter Thomas C.3,Cantoni Claudia4,Vitale Massimo5,Favoreel Herman W.1

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium

2. Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium

3. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

4. Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa and IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy

5. UOC Immunologia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells display a prominent cytolytic activity against virus-infected cells and are indispensable in the innate antiviral response, particularly against herpesviruses. Despite their importance in the control of alphaherpesvirus infections, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that trigger NK cell cytotoxicity against alphaherpesvirus-infected cells. Here, using the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV), we found that the conserved alphaherpesvirus glycoprotein gB triggers NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, both in virus-infected and in gB-transfected cells. In addition, we report that gB expression results in increased cell surface binding of porcine paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta (PILRβ), an activating NK cell receptor. The interaction between PILRβ and viral gB may have consequences that stretch beyond the interaction with NK cells, including virus entry into host cells. The identification of gB as an NK cell-activating viral protein may be of importance in the construction of future vaccines and therapeutics requiring optimized interactions of alphaherpesviruses with NK cells.

Funder

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Special Research Grant of Ghent University

Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie

Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology

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