Unique features of Entamoeba histolytica glycerophospholipid metabolism; has the E . histolytica lipid metabolism network evolved through gene loss and gain to enable parasitic life cycle adaptation?

Author:

Mi-ichi Fumika12ORCID,Tsugawa Hiroshi345,Yoshida Hiroki2,Arita Makoto4567

Affiliation:

1. Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan

2. Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University , Saga, Japan

3. Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo, Japan

4. Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences , Yokohama, Japan

5. Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University , Yokohama, Japan

6. Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan

7. Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Center (WPI-Bio2Q), Keio University , Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

ABSTRACT Entamoeba histolytica , a protozoan parasite, causes amoebiasis, which is a global public health problem. During the life cycle of this parasite, the properties of the cell membrane are changed markedly. To clarify the mechanism of membrane lipid changes, we exploited state-of-the-art untargeted lipidomic analysis, and atypical features of glycerophospholipids, lysoglycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids were observed compared with human equivalents. Here, we overview an entire E. histolytica glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway based on re-evaluated whole lipidome and genome along with the results of metabolic labeling experiments. We also discuss whether the E. histolytica lipid metabolism network, including the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway, has unique features necessary for parasitic life cycle adaptation through gene loss and/or gain, and raise important questions involving biochemistry, molecular cell biology, and physiology underlying this network. Answering these questions will advance the understanding of Entamoeba physiology and will provide potential targets to develop new anti-amoebiasis drugs.

Funder

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

Naito Foundation

KAKETSUKEN Foundation

The NOVARTIS Foundation (Japan) for the Promotion of Science

JST National Bioscience Database Center

JST ERATO "Arita Lipidome Atlas Project"

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Molecular Biology,Microbiology

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