Affiliation:
1. Fachbereich Chemie/Biochemie der Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., D-35032 Marburg, Germany
2. Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Bacteria use three distinct systems for iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster biogenesis: the ISC, SUF, and NIF machineries. The ISC and SUF systems are widely distributed, and many bacteria possess both of them. In
Escherichia coli
, ISC is the major and constitutive system, whereas SUF is induced under iron starvation and/or oxidative stress. Genomic analysis of the Fe/S cluster biosynthesis genes in
Bacillus subtilis
suggests that this bacterium's genome encodes only a SUF system consisting of a
sufCDSUB
gene cluster and a distant
sufA
gene. Mutant analysis of the putative Fe/S scaffold genes
sufU
and
sufA
revealed that
sufU
is essential for growth under minimal standard conditions, but not
sufA
. The drastic growth retardation of a conditional mutant depleted of SufU was coupled with a severe reduction of aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in total-cell lysates, suggesting a crucial function of SufU in Fe/S protein biogenesis. Recombinant SufU was devoid of Fe/S clusters after aerobic purification. Upon
in vitro
reconstitution, SufU bound an Fe/S cluster with up to ∼1.5 Fe and S per monomer. The assembled Fe/S cluster could be transferred from SufU to the
apo
form of isopropylmalate isomerase Leu1, rapidly forming catalytically active [4Fe-4S]-containing
holo
-enzyme. In contrast to native SufU, its D43A variant carried a Fe/S cluster after aerobic purification, indicating that the cluster is stabilized by this mutation. Further, we show that
apo
-SufU is an activator of the cysteine desulfurase SufS by enhancing its activity about 40-fold
in vitro
. SufS-dependent formation of
holo
-SufU suggests that SufU functions as an Fe/S cluster scaffold protein tightly cooperating with the SufS cysteine desulfurase.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Molecular Biology,Microbiology
Cited by
82 articles.
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