1. Dept. of Civil, Environ. & Archit. Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0428, USA
2. Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611 Japan
3. Dept. of Structural Mechanics & Design Automation, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38050 Trento, Italy