Application of heliox for optimized drug delivery through respiratory tract

Author:

Farooq Umar1ORCID,Riaz Hafiz Hamza1ORCID,Munir Adnan1ORCID,Zhao Ming2ORCID,Tariq Ammar1ORCID,Islam Mohammad S.3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology 1 , H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan

2. School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University 2 , Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia

3. School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney 3 , Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia

Abstract

Understanding the transportation and deposition (TD) of inhaled particles in the upper respiratory tract is crucial for predicting health risks and treating pulmonary diseases. The available literature reports highly turbulent flow in the extrathoracic (ET) region during normal breathing, which leads to higher deposition of the drug aerosol in this region. To improve the targeted deposition of inhaled drugs, in the tracheobronchial airways, it is essential to understand the flow and particle transport dynamics and reduce the turbulence behavior at the ET region. The less-dense heliox gas could reduce the turbulence behavior at the ET; however, the knowledge of heliox inhalation therapies in drug aerosol TD remains underachieved to realize the full potential for assisted breathing and drug delivery. Additionally, the impact of the inhalation of heliox mixed with other gases on particle deposition is missing in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to develop a mixture model to advance the knowledge of inhalation therapy. A heliox (78% helium and 22% oxygen) and a mixture of heliox and air are used to understand the flow behavior and particle TD in airways. The impact of different inhalation and Stokes numbers on the deposition efficiencies in the ideal and age-specific upper airways is studied. The study reports that less-dense heliox gas has lower turbulence intensity and results in lower deposition efficiency in the G3–G5 lung airways compared to air and mixture inhalations. Moreover, slightly higher deposition efficiencies during mixture inhalation as compared to air inhalation are found in the upper airways. The deposition patterns of different inhalations obtained in this study could help improve targeted drug delivery into the upper and deeper lung airways.

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Subject

Condensed Matter Physics,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Mechanics of Materials,Computational Mechanics,Mechanical Engineering

Reference51 articles.

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