1. Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang, Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
2. Department of Physics and Information Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
3. Laboratory of In-situ and Operando Electron Nanoscopy (LISION), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
4. Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
5. Research Center for Neuromorphic AI Hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan