1. Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on the Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
2. Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
3. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Changsha 410075, China
4. Division of Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
5. Aerodynamics, Volvo Cars, SE-41878 Gothenburg, Sweden