Difficult nasal breathing in the ENT-practice: how to help?

Abstract

The article discusses the most common causes of diseases that cause difficulty in nasal breathing. According to the analysis of medical documentation, diseases accompanied by nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea are the most common human diseases. The priority role in the development of the clinical symptoms of rhinitis is played by the release of inflammatory mediators – histamine and bradykinin. Histamine in rhinitis mediates a cascade of pathological reactions, as a result of which local vasodilation develops, accompanied by swelling of the mucous membranes; nasal congestion; increased permeability of the vascular wall; exudation of blood plasma; irritation of nerve endings; triggering reflex mechanisms by stimulating trigeminal histamine receptors. Peculiarities of the course of intermittent and persistent forms of allergic rhinitis, the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation are considered. To reliably eliminate abundant rhinorrhea, combined with nasal congestion, the authors recommend the use of a combined nasal spray, which contains phenylephrine and cetirizine (Phenylephrine + Cetirizine). Based on the analysis of literature data, the effectiveness and safety of the use of the topical form of cetirizine are substantiated. Aspects of the clinical use of the combination of phenylephrine and cetirizine in inflammatory and allergic diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, in the pathogenesis of which the key role is played by swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, are examined. It is proved that the new combined nasal spray of domestic production is an effective and safe method for treating patients with manifestations of various forms of rhinitis and nasal obstruction.