AbstractThis chapter reviews the different aspects of nutrition and the utilization of dietary nutrients by the camel. It examines the anatomy and physiology of the camel's digestive system, particularly the forestomach, as well as nitrogen economy and methane emission in camels. Special attention is paid to the nutrient requirements and energy requirements, as well as the measurements of metabolizable energy for growth in camels and its effect on meat quality. The microbial ecology of the camel's digestive tract, which includes the protozoal, bacterial and archaeal microorganism communities in the camel's foregut, is highlighted.