Inclusion of oat hulls in diets for young pigs based on cooked maize or cooked rice

Abstract

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of the main cereal (cooked maize or cooked rice) and the inclusion of cooked and expanded oat hulls (0, 20 or 40 g/kg) in the diet on total tract apparent nutrient digestibility (TTAD) and productive performance of piglets weaned at 21 days. Each of the six treatments was replicated eight times (five piglets penned together) and the trial lasted for 33 days. From 21 to 41 days of age piglets were given their respective experimental complex diets that contained 530 g/kg cooked cereal and from 41 to 54 days they received a common starter diet based on maize, barley and soya-bean meal. Growth promoters were not included in the diets. The TTAD was determined at 27 and 37 days of age and pig performance was measured at 31, 41 and 54 days of age. Nutrient digestibility increased with age (P<0·001) and in general were higher for rice- than for maize-based diets (P<0·001 for dry matter, organic matter and gross energy andP<0·05 for ether extract). From 21 to 41 days of age piglets given rice had higher food intake (FI,P<0·05) and average daily gain (ADG,P<0·01) than piglets given maize but food conversion ratio was not affected. The differences observed were maintained until the end of the trial. The inclusion of oat hulls in the diet did not affect TTAD of the nutrients but tended to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea from 21 to 41 days of age (P<0·1). Oat hulls inclusion reduced FI and ADG in diets based on maize but had the opposite effect in diets based on rice, indicating that piglets might have a minimum requirement for dietary fibre. It is concluded that cooked rice is an ingredient of choice in pre-starter diets for weanling pigs. Also, the inclusion of moderate levels of fibre as oat hulls reduces the incidence of diarrhoea and might improve productive performance in low fibre diets.