Concentration and Prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in Human Breast Milk in Iran: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment: A Review

Author:

FAKHRI YADOLAH1,GHORBANI RAHEB2,TAGHAVI MAHMOUD3,KERAMATI HASSAN2,AMANIDAZ NAZAK4,MORADI BIGARD5,NAZARI SIMIN HAGH6,SHARIATIFAR NABI7,KHANEGHAH AMIN MOUSAVI8

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

4. Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran

5. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

6. Department Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

7. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

8. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5769-0004)

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis meta-analysis was designed to review the published reports regarding the concentration and/or prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in human breast milk in Iran. The carcinogenic risk for Iranian infants consuming this milk was estimated with the hazard index. The PubMed and Scopus databases and the Scientific Information Database were screened for relevant studies between 1995 and 2017, and 11 of the 112 collected studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean (95% confidence interval) concentration of AFM1 was 5.85 ng/L (4.54 to 7.15 ng/L), which was lower than the European Union standard (25 ng/L). The mean prevalence of AFM1 in breast milk in Iran was 42% (11 to 77%). The estimated daily intakes for male and female infants were 0.02 to 5.57 ng/kg and 0.02 to 3.68 ng/kg of body weight per day, respectively. The rank order of estimated daily intake for both male and female infants according to age was 1 week > 1 month > 6 months > 12 months. The hazard index for all age groups of infants in all provinces in Iran was less than 1. Therefore, infants in Iran were not considered at carcinogenic risk from AFM1 in human breast milk.

Publisher

International Association for Food Protection

Subject

Microbiology,Food Science

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