Alternative Cooling Procedures for Large, Intact Meat Products To Achieve Stabilization Microbiological Performance Standards

Abstract

Achieving the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) stabilization microbiological performance standards for cooling procedures proves to be challenging for processors of large, whole-muscle meat products. This study was conducted to determine if slower cooling times than those provided by USDA-FSIS guidance will comply with the performance standard for Clostridium perfringens. Large (9 to 12 kg) cured bone-in hams (n = 110) and large (8 to 13 kg) uncured beef inside rounds (n = 100) were used. Stabilization treatments extended times to reduce internal product temperature from 54.4 to 26.7°C (hams and rounds) and from 26.7 to 7.2°C (for hams) and 26.7 to 4.4°C (for rounds). Control treatments, defined by current USDA-FSIS Appendix B guidelines, and a “worst-case scenario” treatment, in which products were cooled at room temperature (approximately 22.8°C) until internal product temperature equilibrated, were used. For both hams and rounds, stabilization showed less than 1-log growth of C. perfringens for all treatments, with the exception of the worst-case scenario for rounds. As expected for products cooled at room temperature, there was >1-log growth of C. perfringens reported for rounds, and the addition of curing ingredients to hams had an inhibitory effect on the growth of C. perfringens. The results demonstrate that industry may have increased flexibility associated with cooling large, whole-muscle cuts while still complying with the required stabilization microbiological performance standards.