Three Warm Jupiters around Solar-analog Stars Detected with TESS*

Abstract

Abstract We report the discovery and characterization of three giant exoplanets orbiting solar-analog stars, detected by the TESS space mission and confirmed through ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements taken at La Silla observatory with FEROS. TOI-2373 b is a warm Jupiter orbiting its host star every ∼13.3 days, and is one of the most massive known exoplanet with a precisely determined mass and radius around a star similar to the Sun, with an estimated mass of m p = 9.3 − 0.2 + 0.2 M jup and a radius of r p = 0.93 − 0.2 + 0.2 R jup . With a mean density of ρ = 14.4 − 1.0 + 0.9 g cm − 3 , TOI-2373 b is among the densest planets discovered so far. TOI-2416 b orbits its host star on a moderately eccentric orbit with a period of ∼8.3 days and an eccentricity of e = 0.32 − 0.02 + 0.02 . TOI-2416 b is more massive than Jupiter with m p = 3.0 − 0.09 + 0.10 M jup , however is significantly smaller with a radius of r p = 0.88 − 0.02 + 0.02 , R jup , leading to a high mean density of ρ = 5.4 − 0.3 + 0.3 g cm − 3 . TOI-2524 b is a warm Jupiter near the hot Jupiter transition region, orbiting its star every ∼7.2 days on a circular orbit. It is less massive than Jupiter with a mass of m p = 0.64 − 0.04 + 0.04 M jup , and is consistent with an inflated radius of r p = 1.00 − 0.03 + 0.02 R jup , leading to a low mean density of ρ = 0.79 − 0.08 + 0.08 g cm − 3 . The newly discovered exoplanets TOI-2373 b, TOI-2416 b, and TOI-2524 b have estimated equilibrium temperatures of 860 − 10 + 10 K, 1080 − 10 + 10 K, and 1100 − 20 + 20 K, respectively, placing them in the sparsely populated transition zone between hot and warm Jupiters.