Is There a Dynamic Difference between Stealthy and Standard Coronal Mass Ejections?

Abstract

Abstract Stealthy coronal mass ejections (CMEs), lacking low coronal signatures, may result in significant geomagnetic storms. However, the mechanism of stealthy CMEs is still highly debated. In this work, we investigate whether there are differences between stealthy and standard CMEs in terms of their dynamic behaviors. Seven stealthy and eight standard CMEs with low speeds are selected. We calculate two-dimensional speed distributions of CMEs based on the cross-correlation method, rather than the unidimensional speed, and further obtain more accurate distributions and evolution of CME mechanical energies. Then we derive the CME driving powers and correlate them with CME parameters (total mass, average speed, and acceleration) for standard and stealthy CMEs. Besides, we study the forces that drive CMEs, namely, the Lorentz force, gravitational force, and drag force due to the ambient solar wind near the Sun. The results reveal that both standard and stealthy CMEs are propelled by the combined action of those forces in the inner corona. The drag force and gravitational force are comparable with the Lorentz force. However, the impact of the drag and Lorentz forces on the global evolution of stealthy CMEs is significantly weaker than that on standard CMEs.