Constraining the Binarity of Black Hole Candidates: A Proof-of-concept Study of Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2

Author:

Hayashi 林 Toshinori 利憲ORCID,Suto 須藤 Yasushi 靖ORCID,Trani 三努郎 Alessandro A. 虎似ORCID

Abstract

Abstract Nearly a hundred binary black holes (BBHs) have been discovered with gravitational-wave signals emitted at their merging events. Thus, it is quite natural to expect that significantly more abundant BBHs with wider separations remain undetected in the Universe or even in our Galaxy. We consider a possibility that star–BH binary candidates may indeed host an inner BBH instead of a single BH. We present a detailed feasibility study of constraining the binarity of the currently available two targets, Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2. Specifically, we examine three types of radial velocity (RV) modulations of a tertiary star in star–BBH triple systems; short-term RV modulations induced by the inner BBH, long-term RV modulations induced by the nodal precession, and long-term RV modulations induced by the von Zeipel-Kozai–Lidov oscillations. Direct three-body simulations combined with approximate analytic models reveal that the Gaia BH1 system may exhibit observable signatures of the hidden inner BBH if it exists at all. The methodology that we examine here is quite generic and is expected to be readily applicable to future star–BH binary candidates in a straightforward manner.

Funder

MEXT ∣ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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