Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
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Published:2016-02-11
Issue:6
Volume:116
Page:
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ISSN:0031-9007
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Container-title:Physical Review Letters
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Phys. Rev. Lett.
Author:
Abbott B. P.1, Abbott R.1, Abbott T. D.2, Abernathy M. R.1, Acernese F.34, Ackley K.5, Adams C.6, Adams T.7, Addesso P.3, Adhikari R. X.1, Adya V. B.8, Affeldt C.8, Agathos M.9, Agatsuma K.9, Aggarwal N.1, Aguiar O. D.10, Aiello L.44, Ain A.11, Ajith P.12, Allen B.81314, Allocca A.154, Altin P. A.16, Anderson S. B.1, Anderson W. G.13, Arai K.1, Arain M. A.5, Araya M. C.1, Arceneaux C. C.17, Areeda J. S.18, Arnaud N.19, Arun K. G.20, Ascenzi S.214, Ashton G.22, Ast M.23, Aston S. M.6, Astone P.4, Aufmuth P.8, Aulbert C.8, Babak S.8, Bacon P.24, Bader M. K. M.9, Baker P. T.25, Baldaccini F.264, Ballardin G.27, Ballmer S. W.28, Barayoga J. C.1, Barclay S. E.29, Barish B. C.1, Barker D.30, Barone F.34, Barr B.29, Barsotti L.1, Barsuglia M.24, Barta D.31, Bartlett J.30, Barton M. A.30, Bartos I.32, Bassiri R.33, Basti A.154, Batch J. C.30, Baune C.8, Bavigadda V.27, Bazzan M.344, Behnke B.8, Bejger M.35, Belczynski C.36, Bell A. S.29, Bell C. J.29, Berger B. K.1, Bergman J.30, Bergmann G.8, Berry C. P. L.37, Bersanetti D.384, Bertolini A.9, Betzwieser J.6, Bhagwat S.28, Bhandare R.39, Bilenko I. A.40, Billingsley G.1, Birch J.6, Birney I. A.41, Birnholtz O.8, Biscans S.1, Bisht A.814, Bitossi M.27, Biwer C.28, Bizouard M. A.19, Blackburn J. K.1, Blair C. D.42, Blair D. G.42, Blair R. M.30, Bloemen S.43, Bock O.8, Bodiya T. P.1, Boer M.44, Bogaert G.44, Bogan C.8, Bohe A.8, Bojtos P.45, Bond C.37, Bondu F.46, Bonnand R.7, Boom B. A.9, Bork R.1, Boschi V.154, Bose S.4711, Bouffanais Y.24, Bozzi A.27, Bradaschia C.4, Brady P. R.13, Braginsky V. B.40, Branchesi M.484, Brau J. E.49, Briant T.50, Brillet A.44, Brinkmann M.8, Brisson V.19, Brockill P.13, Brooks A. F.1, Brown D. A.28, Brown D. D.37, Brown N. M.1, Buchanan C. C.2, Buikema A.1, Bulik T.36, Bulten H. J.519, Buonanno A.852, Buskulic D.7, Buy C.24, Byer R. L.33, Cabero M.8, Cadonati L.53, Cagnoli G.5454, Cahillane C.1, Bustillo J. Calderón5553, Callister T.1, Calloni E.564, Camp J. 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D.72, Cripe J.2, Crowder S. G.73, Cruise A. M.37, Cumming A.29, Cunningham L.29, Cuoco E.27, Canton T. Dal8, Danilishin S. L.29, D’Antonio S.4, Danzmann K.148, Darman N. S.74, Da Silva Costa C. F.5, Dattilo V.27, Dave I.39, Daveloza H. P.72, Davier M.19, Davies G. S.29, Daw E. J.75, Day R.27, De S.28, DeBra D.33, Debreczeni G.31, Degallaix J.54, De Laurentis M.564, Deléglise S.50, Del Pozzo W.37, Denker T.814, Dent T.8, Dereli H.44, Dergachev V.1, DeRosa R. T.6, De Rosa R.564, DeSalvo R.76, Dhurandhar S.11, Díaz M. C.72, Di Fiore L.4, Di Giovanni M.684, Di Lieto A.154, Di Pace S.684, Di Palma I.88, Di Virgilio A.4, Dojcinoski G.77, Dolique V.54, Donovan F.1, Dooley K. L.17, Doravari S.68, Douglas R.29, Downes T. P.13, Drago M.8784, Drever R. W. P.1, Driggers J. C.30, Du Z.59, Ducrot M.7, Dwyer S. E.30, Edo T. B.75, Edwards M. C.67, Effler A.6, Eggenstein H.-B.8, Ehrens P.1, Eichholz J.5, Eikenberry S. S.5, Engels W.65, Essick R. C.1, Etzel T.1, Evans M.1, Evans T. M.6, Everett R.61, Factourovich M.32, Fafone V.2144, Fair H.28, Fairhurst S.79, Fan X.59, Fang Q.42, Farinon S.4, Farr B.64, Farr W. M.37, Favata M.77, Fays M.79, Fehrmann H.8, Fejer M. M.33, Feldbaum D.5, Ferrante I.154, Ferreira E. C.10, Ferrini F.27, Fidecaro F.154, Finn L. S.61, Fiori I.27, Fiorucci D.24, Fisher R. P.28, Flaminio R.5480, Fletcher M.29, Fong H.58, Fournier J.-D.44, Franco S.19, Frasca S.684, Frasconi F.4, Frede M.8, Frei Z.45, Freise A.37, Frey R.49, Frey V.19, Fricke T. T.8, Fritschel P.1, Frolov V. V.6, Fulda P.5, Fyffe M.6, Gabbard H. A. G.17, Gair J. R.81, Gammaitoni L.264, Gaonkar S. G.11, Garufi F.564, Gatto A.24, Gaur G.8283, Gehrels N.57, Gemme G.4, Gendre B.44, Genin E.27, Gennai A.4, George J.39, Gergely L.84, Germain V.7, Ghosh Abhirup12, Ghosh Archisman12, Ghosh S.439, Giaime J. A.26, Giardina K. D.6, Giazotto A.4, Gill K.85, Glaefke A.29, Gleason J. R.5, Goetz E.86, Goetz R.5, Gondan L.45, González G.2, Castro J. M. 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Affiliation:
1. LIGO 2. Louisiana State University 3. Università di Salerno 4. INFN 5. University of Florida 6. LIGO Livingston Observatory 7. Université Savoie Mont Blanc 8. Albert-Einstein-Institut 9. Nikhef 10. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 11. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics 12. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 13. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 14. Leibniz Universität Hannover 15. Università di Pisa 16. Australian National University 17. The University of Mississippi 18. California State University Fullerton 19. Université Paris-Sud 20. Chennai Mathematical Institute 21. Università di Roma Tor Vergata 22. University of Southampton 23. Universität Hamburg 24. Université Paris Diderot 25. Montana State University 26. Università di Perugia 27. European Gravitational Observatory (EGO) 28. Syracuse University 29. University of Glasgow 30. LIGO Hanford Observatory 31. Wigner RCP 32. Columbia University 33. Stanford University 34. Università di Padova 35. CAMK-PAN 36. Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University 37. University of Birmingham 38. Università degli Studi di Genova 39. RRCAT 40. Lomonosov Moscow State University 41. University of the West of Scotland 42. University of Western Australia 43. Radboud University Nijmegen 44. Université Côte d’Azur 45. MTA Eötvös University 46. CNRS 47. Washington State University 48. Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” 49. University of Oregon 50. UPMC-Sorbonne Universités 51. VU University Amsterdam 52. University of Maryland 53. Georgia Institute of Technology 54. Université de Lyon 55. Universitat de les Illes Balears 56. Università di Napoli “Federico II,” 57. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center 58. University of Toronto 59. Tsinghua University 60. Texas Tech University 61. The Pennsylvania State University 62. National Tsing Hua University 63. Charles Sturt University 64. University of Chicago 65. Caltech CaRT 66. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information 67. Carleton College 68. Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” 69. University of Brussels 70. Sonoma State University 71. Northwestern University 72. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 73. University of Minnesota 74. The University of Melbourne 75. The University of Sheffield 76. University of Sannio at Benevento 77. Montclair State University 78. Università di Trento 79. Cardiff University 80. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 81. University of Edinburgh 82. Indian Institute of Technology 83. Institute for Plasma Research 84. University of Szeged 85. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 86. University of Michigan 87. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 88. American University 89. Rochester Institute of Technology 90. University of Massachusetts-Amherst 91. University of Adelaide 92. West Virginia University 93. University of Biał ystok 94. University of Strathclyde 95. IISER-TVM 96. Institute of Applied Physics 97. Pusan National University 98. Hanyang University 99. NCBJ 100. IM-PAN 101. Monash University 102. Seoul National University 103. University of Alabama in Huntsville 104. ESPCI 105. Università di Camerino 106. Southern University and A&M College 107. College of William and Mary 108. University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research 109. University of Cambridge 110. IISER-Kolkata 111. Whitman College 112. National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 113. Hobart and William Smith Colleges 114. University of Zielona Góra 115. Andrews University 116. Università di Siena 117. Trinity University 118. University of Washington 119. Kenyon College 120. Abilene Christian University
Abstract
On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10−21. It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410−180+160 Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09−0.04+0.03. In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36−4+5M⊙ and 29−4+4M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62−4+4M⊙, with 3.0−0.5+0.5M⊙c2 radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.
Published by the American Physical Society
2016
Funder
National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Australian Research Council Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology Science and Engineering Research Board Ministry of Human Resource Development Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Agència per a la Competitivitat de l’Empresa Narodowe Centrum Nauki Seventh Framework Programme Royal Society Scottish Funding Council Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogramok National Research Foundation of Korea Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Russian Foundation for Basic Research Leverhulme Trust Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China Kavli Foundation MPS España Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada State of Niedersachsen, Germany Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears Lyon Institute of Origins
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Cited by
11663 articles.
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