Social Media and Black Maternal Health: The Role of Health Literacy and eHealth Literacy

Abstract

Background: Black women experience greater maternal mortality and morbidity than White women. Although there are many causes of this disparity, providing more and better maternal health information to this population may be beneficial. Social media offers a way to easily and quickly disseminate information to empower and educate Black women about health during pregnancy. Objective: This study sought to identify social media use patterns to determine what sources Black women used to obtain information about pregnancy and to explore whether health literacy/eHealth literacy influence those patterns. Methods: This cross-sectional, nationally representative survey panel included 404 Black women. Health literacy was measured by the Single Item Literacy Screener, and eHEALS was used to measure eHealth literacy. We examined participants' social media activity, social media use, social media use for support, and sharing of pregnancy-related health information. Relationships between health literacy, eHealth literacy, and social media use were assessed. Key Results: Overall, 67.5% of participants had high health literacy, and the average eHealth literacy score was high (34.5). Most women (71.6%) reported using more than three social media accounts as a source for pregnancy information. Women with low health literacy searched social media for general and specific pregnancy health information, reported more social media use during pregnancy in general ( p < .001), and more use of social media for giving and getting support ( p = .003). Women with higher eHealth literacy were more likely to report more social media use ( r = 0.107, p = .039) and often used social media to give and get support ( r = 0.197, p = .0001). Women with high health literacy more often reported sharing the pregnancy information they found on social media with their nurse (χ 2 = 7.068, p = .029), doula (χ 2 = 6.878, p = .032), and childbirth educator (χ 2 = 10.289, p = .006). Women who reported higher eHealth literacy also reported more often sharing the pregnancy information they found on social media with their doctor ( r = 0.115, p = .030), nurse ( r = 0.139, p = .001), coworkers ( r = 0.160, p = .004), and family or friends ( r = 0.201, p = .0001). Conclusion: Substantial numbers of Black women use social media to find pregnancy health information. Future studies should elicit more detailed information on why and how Black women use social media to obtain pregnancy information and support as well as what role health literacy and eHealth literacy may have on birth outcomes. [ HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice . 2023;7(3):e119–e129. ] Plain Language Summary: This study aimed to identify Black women's sources for pregnancy information and to examine whether a relationship exists between health literacy/eHealth literacy and social media use. Findings support that Black women use social media for pregnancy information. Those with lower health literacy use social media more often and use social media more to share and to obtain pregnancy health information.