Influence of previous cropping practices on the response of spring wheat to applied N

Abstract

Nitrate (NO3) leaches from the rooting zone into ground waters during late fall and early spring in Atlantic Canada, particularly from soils cropped to potatoes, both in the year of potatoes and in the following year in the rotation. Therefore, it is imperative to maximize N fertilizer efficiencies in order to minimize environmental degradation. Six field trials were conducted in the upper St-John River Valley of New Brunswick to determine the effect of two previous crops, oats and potatoes, on the amount of residual NO3 in the spring following their harvest, and to determine if spring soil NO3 could be used as a single criterion to predict fertilizer N requirements of wheat. At all six field trials, spring soil NO3-N (0–0.45 m) was greater with potatoes as the previous crop (average of 86 kg NO3-N ha−1) than with oats (average of 56 kg NO3-N ha−1). As a result, the economically optimum fertilizer rate (Nop) for spring wheat was lower on soil previously cropped to potatoes (108 kg N ha–1) than oats (135 kg N ha–1). Nop, however, was poorly correlated with the amount of spring soil NO3-N. We conclude that conventional spring soil tests based on NO3-N are inappropriate to predict fertilizer N requirements of wheat in Atlantic Canada. Fertilizer N recommendations in Atlantic Canada, however, may be improved by taking previous crop into consideration. Key words: Wheat, potatoes, oats, nitrogen, previous crops