The effect of ractopamine supplementation at 5 ppm of swine finishing diets on growth performance, carcass composition and ultimate pork quality

Abstract

Five hundred thirty-six finishing pigs were placed on experiment for an average of 26 d prior to slaughter, to determine the effects of 5 mg ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) per kg of diet on growth performance, carcass composition and the eating quality of pork. Treatments included a control diet similar to a western Canadian commercial finishing diet and a treatment diet containing 5 mg RAC kg-1 with elevated amino acids, vitamins and minerals. The experiment started when average animal weight was 86 kg; pigs were marketed at an average liveweight of 118 kg. Two pigs were selected from each of 32 pens in week 4 of the experiment, for detailed carcass and meat quality evaluation, providing 16 pigs per gender per treatment. RAC-fed pigs reached market weight 4 d sooner (P < 0.05), grew 13 % faster (P < 0.05) and had 13% better feed efficiency (P < 0.05) than the controls. RAC-fed pigs also had 1 mm less backfat and 2.5 mm thicker loins (P < 0.05). Ultimate pH, purge loss and visual colour scores were unaffected by treatment but RAC-fed pigs had lower CIE a* and b* measurements (P < 0.05). RAC had no effect on juiciness, flavour, saltiness or overall acceptability (P > 0.10), but increased Warner-Bratzler shear force and reduced taste panel tenderness slightly (P < 0.05). The inclusion of 5 mg RAC kg-1 in a commercial finishing diet will increase the rate and efficiency of gain and improve carcass composition. Minimal impact on pork quality can also be expected with the use of RAC fed at this level. Key words: Ractopamine, swine, carcass composition, pork quality, beta-adrenergic agonist