After JAK inhibitor failure: to cycle or to switch, that is the question – data from the JAK-pot collaboration of registries

Author:

Pombo-Suarez ManuelORCID,Sanchez-Piedra Carlos,Gómez-Reino Juan,Lauper KimORCID,Mongin Denis,Iannone FlorenzoORCID,Pavelka Karel,Nordström Dan C,Inanc NevsunORCID,Codreanu Catalin,Hyrich Kimme LORCID,Choquette Denis,Strangfeld AnjaORCID,Leeb Burkhard F,Rotar Ziga,Rodrigues Ana,Kristianslund Eirik Klami,Kvien Tore KORCID,Elkayam Ori,Lukina Galina,Bergstra Sytske AnneORCID,Finckh AxelORCID,Courvoisier Delphine SophieORCID

Abstract

ObjectivesThe expanded therapeutic arsenal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) raises new clinical questions. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of cycling Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) with switching to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) in patients with RA after failure to the first JAKi.MethodsThis is a nested cohort study within data pooled from an international collaboration of 17 national registries (JAK-pot collaboration). Data from patients with RA with JAKi treatment failure and who were subsequently treated with either a second JAKi or with a bDMARD were prospectively collected. Differences in drug retention rates after second treatment initiation were assessed by log-rank test and Cox regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. Change in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) over time was estimated using a linear regression model, adjusting for confounders.Results365 cycling and 1635 switching patients were studied. Cyclers were older and received a higher number of previous bDMARDs. Both strategies showed similar observed retention rates after 2 years of follow-up. However, adjusted analysis revealed that cycling was associated with higher retention (p=0.04). Among cyclers, when the first JAKi was discontinued due to an adverse event (AE), it was more likely that the second JAKi would also be stopped due to an AE. Improvement in CDAI over time was similar in both strategies.ConclusionsAfter failing the first JAKi, cycling JAKi and switching to a bDMARD appear to have similar effectiveness. Caution is advised if an AE was the reason to stop the first JAKi.

Funder

Galápagos

AbbVie

Pfizer

Publisher

BMJ

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy,Rheumatology

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