Bone marrow reactivity and intestinal microbiocenosis of healthy and CDT-infected quails under the influence of bee products

Abstract

Candidamycosis of the digestive tract (CDT) causes significant economic damage to the poultry industry. It is poorly studied in quails, appears suddenly and is fatal in 90‑100% of cases. The causes of CDT of quails are various factors: violation of conditions and technologies of keeping, feeding, veterinary manipulations, which are perceived by the organism of young quails as stress factors. In the stressed organism the reproduction of opportunistic Candida albicans with increased virulence factors is activated. In this regard, it is necessary to search for drugs that do not have a suppressive effect on the quail organism and contribute to the restoration of the disturbed immune status and microbiocenosis against the background of the development of Candida albicans. Such preparations include biologically active bee products (BAPP). In the bone marrow of CDT-infected quails, when wax moth extracts (EWM), drone homogenate extracts (EDH) and propolis extracts (EP) are added to the diet: a) the production of pseudo-eosinophils is stabilized and phagocytosis is restored; b) inflammatory reactions are stopped, which is manifested by a decrease in the number of lymphocytes; c) the production of erythroid cells is increased. These extracts contribute to the restoration of the microbiota of the large intestine: a) the content of normoflora increases (Lactobacillus spp. – 6.38; 10.0 and 8.84 times, Bifidobacterium spp. – 4.53; 8.31 and 6.81 times); b) the multiplication of opportunistic microorganisms is inhibited compared to the reference values (Candida albicans – 3.3; 4.61 and 3.97 times; Staphylococcus aureus – 4.0; 7.78 and 4.51 times; Pseudomonas spp. – 3.05; 5.32 and 3.95 times).