Assessing the Role of Temperature, Inoculum Density, and Wounding on Disease Progression of the Fungal Pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Black Rot in Sweetpotato

Abstract

In 2014, Ceratocystis fimbriata, causal agent of black rot in sweetpotato, reemerged and inflicted large financial losses on growers in the United States. Black rot continues to damage sweetpotatoes and has become a priority to the industry since then. In contrast, little is known about the biology of C. fimbriata and the epidemiology of sweetpotato black rot. In this study, effects of environmental factors such as inoculum density, RH, and temperature on sweetpotato black rot were determined. Cured sweetpotatoes were wounded with a toothpick to simulate puncture wounds, inoculated with different spore suspensions (inoculum density) (104, 105, or 106 spores/ml), and incubated under different RH (85.53, 94.09, or 97.01%) and temperature (13, 18, 23, 29, or 35°C) for 21 days. In a separate experiment, five root wounding types (cuts, punctures, abrasions, end breaks, and macerating bruises) were compared. All wounded roots were subsequently soaked in a 103 spores/ml suspension and incubated at 100% RH and 23°C for 21 days. This study found 29 and 23°C to be the optimal temperature for black rot disease development and sporulation, respectively. No pathogen growth was observed at 13 and 35°C. Increased inoculum density significantly (P < 0.0001) increased disease incidence, but increasing RH had an effect only on sporulation area. All wound types resulted in increased disease incidence and sporulation as early as 7 days postinoculation. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing factors that affect disease development for achieving successful disease management strategies. Findings from this study will be used to improve disease management for sweetpotato black rot by suggesting tighter regulation of curing and storage conditions and better postharvest handling of sweetpotato roots to avoid unnecessary wounding.