Verticillium klebahnii and V. isaacii Isolates Exhibit Host-Dependent Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt Caused by V. dahliae

Author:

Puri Krishna D.1ORCID,Hu Xiaoping2ORCID,Gurung Suraj1ORCID,Short Dylan P. G.1,Sandoya German V.3ORCID,Schild Marion4,Zhang Yuanyuan5,Zhao Jun5,Anchieta Amy G.6,Klosterman Steven J.6ORCID,Subbarao Krishna V.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, U.S.A.

2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

3. Horticultural Science Department, Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida - Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Belle Glade, FL, 33430, U.S.A.

4. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Ramistrasse 101, Zurich 8092, Switzerland

5. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China

6. United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA, U.S.A.

Abstract

Verticillium dahliae, the soilborne fungal pathogen, causes vascular wilt on many economically important crops, resulting in significant yield losses. V. klebahnii (isolate PD659) and V. isaacii (isolate PD660), two related species that cause few or no symptoms in some hosts, were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents (BCAs) in eggplant, lettuce, and tomato by pre-, post-, and coinoculation with a virulent race 1 isolate of V. dahliae (VdLs16). Initial studies demonstrated that the biocontrol efficacy of both BCAs was similar to reference BCA Talaromyces flavus (NRRL15936) across all hosts (α = 0.05). Subsequent experiments with PD659 against V. dahliae isolate Sm113 from eggplant, VdLs16 and VdLs17 isolates from lettuce, and Le1811 isolate from tomato demonstrated a significant biocontrol efficacy in eggplant and tomato but not in lettuce (at 95% confidence interval), suggesting host-dependent effectiveness of V. klebahnii. Confocal microscopy using green fluorescent protein-tagged tomato V. dahliae isolate Le1811 indicated delayed xylem colonization or lack of pathogen progression into the vascular system in a host-dependent manner on BCA-treated plants. Quantitative analyses of the expression of defense-related genes PR1a, PR5, acidic extracellular β-1,3-glucanase (GlucA), basic intracellular β-1,3-glucanase (GlucB), acidic extracellular chitinase (Chi3), basic intracellular chitinase (Chi9), and cysteine proteases (cysProreases) in tomato in the presence or absence of PD659 suggested an elevated expression of defense-related genes in compatible interaction of V. dahliae–tomato cultivar Early Pak. V. klebahnii (PD659) may delay the entry of V. dahliae by competing for space or nutrients during the initial stages of root colonization. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Funder

California Leafy Greens Research Board

United States Department of Agriculture–National Institute for Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) Specialty Crops Research Initiative

USDA-NIFA

Publisher

Scientific Societies

Subject

General Medicine

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