The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Cardiovascular Disease: Benefits, Functions, and Treatments

Abstract

There is evidence that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) can prevent the development of cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerotic. The beneficial effects of HDL on the arterial wall are largely due to its rich function. For example, one of the essential components of HDL's atherosclerotic protective characteristics is reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation risk may be decreased attributable to the anti-oxidation function of HDL, which would also decrease the possibility of atherosclerosis. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory function of HDL has been demonstrated to modulate and participate in several inflammatory phenomena of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Since various functional features of HDL have gradually shown to have positive effects on the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development, a growing number of researchers are working to develop effective strategies to boost HDL. Fortunately, several treatment options have developed to increase HDL levels, including drugs and dietary patterns. This article will focus on the functional properties of HDL levels and several therapeutic approaches to raise HDL levels.