The genus Agave in agroforestry systems of Mexico

Abstract

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The genus <em>Agave</em> L. is recognized for its wide distribution in Mexican ecosystems. Species have been described as multipurpose as part of agroforestry systems (AFS). There has not been a systematized, detailed analysis about its richness in AFS nor their ecological, economic and cultural relevance.</p><p><strong>Questions</strong>: What is the <em>Agave</em> richness in Mexican AFS? What is their ecological, agronomical, economic and cultural relevance? What are the risks and perspectives for strengthening their role in AFS?</p><p><strong>Species studied</strong>: 31 <em>Agave</em> species in Mexican AFS.</p><p><strong>Study site and dates</strong>: AFS throughout Mexican territory. January to august 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Systematization of published information, scientific reports, repositories, and our fieldwork, was performed. The data base “The genus <em>Agave</em> in AFS of Mexico” was created, containing information about <em>Agave</em> richness in AFS, ecological, economic and cultural relevance, as well as the current and future perspectives of the AFS they are included in.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: We recorded 31 species with 22 uses that were part of AFS practices (hedgerows, boundaries and live fences), in homegardens, terraces and agroforests in temperate, semiarid and sub-humid regions, managed by 12 cultural groups. The main benefits of agaves are soil retention, infiltration of water and satisfaction of socio-economic and cultural needs. The decrease of multipurpose species and functions was observed in relation with the commercialization of mezcal.</p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: There has been ample recognition of AFS as settings for conservation and use of <em>Agave,</em> as well as the importance of the knowledge and management practices associated to agave species in AFS.