Author:
Jeong Yonkil,Kim Chae-Woong,Park Dong-Won,Jung Seung Chul,Lee Jongjin,Shim Hee-Sang
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of Na on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells was investigated. A gradient profile of the Na in the CIGS absorber layer can induce an electric field modulation and significantly strengthen the back surface field effect. This field modulation originates from a grain growth model introduced by a combination of alloy-hardening and pair-annihilation probabilities, wherein the Cu supply and Na diffusion together screen the driving force of the grain boundary motion (GBM) by alloy hardening, which indicates a specific GBM pinning by Cu and Na. The pair annihilation between the ubiquitously evolving GBMs has a coincident probability with the alloy-hardening event.
PACS: 88. 40. H-, 81. 10. Aj, 81. 40. Cd,
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science
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