Author:
Elimian Kelly Osezele,Musah Anwar,Mezue Somto,Oyebanji Oyeronke,Yennan Sebastian,Jinadu Arisekola,Williams Nanpring,Ogunleye Adesola,Fall Ibrahima Soce,Yao Michel,Eteng Womi-Eteng,Abok Patrick,Popoola Michael,Chukwuji Martin,Omar Linda Haj,Ekeng Eme,Balde Thieno,Mamadu Ibrahim,Adeyemo Ayodele,Namara Geoffrey,Okudo Ifeanyi,Alemu Wondimagegnehu,Peter Clement,Ihekweazu Chikwe
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The cholera outbreak in 2018 in Nigeria reaffirms its public health threat to the country. Evidence on the current epidemiology of cholera required for the design and implementation of appropriate interventions towards attaining the global roadmap strategic goals for cholera elimination however seems lacking. Thus, this study aimed at addressing this gap by describing the epidemiology of the 2018 cholera outbreak in Nigeria.
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data collected between January 1st and November 19th, 2018. A cholera case was defined as an individual aged 2 years or older presenting with acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration or dying from acute watery diarrhoea. Descriptive analyses were performed and presented with respect to person, time and place using appropriate statistics.
Results
There were 43,996 cholera cases and 836 cholera deaths across 20 states in Nigeria during the outbreak period, with an attack rate (AR) of 127.43/100,000 population and a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.90%. Individuals aged 15 years or older (47.76%) were the most affected age group, but the proportion of affected males and females was about the same (49.00 and 51.00% respectively). The outbreak was characterised by four distinct epidemic waves, with higher number of deaths recorded in the third and fourth waves. States from the north-west and north-east regions of the country recorded the highest ARs while those from the north-central recorded the highest CFRs.
Conclusion
The severity and wide-geographical distribution of cholera cases and deaths during the 2018 outbreak are indicative of an elevated burden, which was more notable in the northern region of the country. Overall, the findings reaffirm the strategic role of a multi-sectoral approach in the design and implementation of public health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling cholera in Nigeria.
Funder
World Health Organization
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Cited by
39 articles.
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